A Semantic Model of Multiple Space of Role and State （ I ）

 Abstract : Language artificially classifies the varied phenomena of the chaotic world into four kinds of expressions: ―real displacements‖, ―real shifts‖, ―virtual displacements‖ and ―virtual shifts‖. This paper is mainly a semantic exploration of the ―real displacements‖ and the achievement of the discussion is a foundation for the semantic study of the latter three kinds of expressions. Emphasis will be laid upon the verbs and their relationship with nouns. The ―multiple space role-state-ring-chain‖ model designed in the paper is aimed at delving beneath the surface of a verb and studying its inner micro-world, so as to grasp the transformational rules among the surface, deep and underlying structures of a sentence and to promote the discovery for the mystery of human


Introduction
In the theories of the semantic cases of Fillmore's case grammar and Chomsky's thematic roles, every verb which exists in a specific language condition is in principle regarded as a whole when the semantic and syntactical relations between noun (phrase) and the verb are discussed. This paper proposes a theory of -the multiple space role-state model‖, and gives a comprehensive analysis and description of the semantic meaning, grammar and pragmatics of a sentence in order to penetrate the surface of a verb and to study its inner micro-world, to grasp the transformational rules among the surface and the deep and underlying structures of a sentence and to further our understanding of the mystery of human languages.
This model mainly consists of four essential elements: the role, the state, the ring and the chain, which are to be respectively discussed below.

Roles
The Ergative Role and the Mover Role both are generally named -real entity roles‖, and all the roles in space are called -Space Roles‖.
Real entity refers to a particular meaning item of a noun. It moves continuously in space  Huang Ziyou: Department of Chinese Literature and Language, Jiangsu Education Institute, 4-1804 , Moonlight Plaza , Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu , China. E-mail:familyalbum_2004@sina.com. and the movement consists of two kinds of motions, one simple and one complex. The process of a theoretical simple movement is a semantic ring which includes the Role and the State (see 2 State). The role consists of two kinds of Real Entity Roles：Mover Roles and Ergative Roles, and of five kinds of Space Roles：Ergative-Circumstance Role, Mover-Circumstance Role, Circumstance Role, Linear Role and Periphery Role. The Linear Role can be subdivided into seven Space Roles; they are the Source Role, the Departure Role, the Way Role, the Arrival Role, the Terminal Role, the Goal Role and the Orientation Role.
A complex motion consists of two or more simple motions, which is called a semantic chain.
Special attention is requested here: the Mover Roles and Ergative Roles in the following paragraphs (1.1.1. and 1.1.2.) are further classified into special roles brought forth by the special pragmatic focuses and by the special semantic relationship produced when various semantic rings in the semantic chain of the complex motion are combined one after another; and each special role is essentially either Ergative Role or Mover Role.
1.1. Real entity roles 1.1.1. Mover role An entity that can move or is moving is considered to take the Mover Role. In Ex 1, the dynamic of the verb -dià o ‖ takes -Lao Wang‖ in the Mover Role. The word here means -fall‖, which is a part of speech on the surface level of discourse and -dynamic‖ a particular meaning item of the word. In this sense it means -to fall from high to low‖, which we name -diào-1‖. And we can identify other items of meaning accorded to the word -diào‖, such as -to fall behind‖, -to get rid of‖, -to leave‖, -to swing‖, -to turn round‖ and so on. We put them into -diào-2‖, -diào-3‖, -diào-4‖, -diào-5‖, -diào-6‖ and so on. Only in a context can we understand the accurate meaning of the verb -diào‖.
Lao Wang fall into lake middle (老王掉进湖中。/ Lao Wang fell into the lake. ) -Lao Wang‖ is playing two roles in this sentence: Ergative Role (see 1.1.2 Ergative Role) and Mover Role. In the Ergative Role, Lao Wang is regarded as a man, and in the Mover Role, Lao Wang is a moving thing, a body or something like -ball‖, -book‖, -cup‖. -Diao‖ is the dynamic of Mover Role. The -hu‖ (lake) takes the Goal Role with the meanings of the surface, the inside and the bottom of the lake. The -jin…zhong‖(into) is the role marker of the Goal Role. The Mover Role consists of two roles, the Intermediary Role and the Theme Role. The Intermediary Role is a medium with which Ergative Role exercises influence on the Theme Role. The Intermediary Role is called Instrumental Role when it matches with the Agent Role of the Ergative Roles (see -1.1.2 Ergative Role). The Instrumental Role includes the instruments in its general sense (like the -key‖ in Ex 2), the motive force (like the -motive force‖ in Ex 3), the carrier (like the -paper‖ in Ex 4), the credentials (like the -evidence‖ in Ex 5), and the manner (like the -Constitution‖ in Ex 6) and so on. The Intermediary Role is called the Cause Role when it matches with the Create-Matter Role of the Ergative Roles and it is the medium of the Theme Role affected by the Create-Matter Role when it creates motion. The Cause Role, for instance, in Ex 7 is latent -huge energy.‖ (2) Tā yòng yà oshi kāi-le mé n .
He with key open-ed door .
(他用钥匙开-了门。/ He opened the door with the key.) Theme Roles can be classified into two categories, namely variation and the non-variation. The variation category can be divided into the displacement and the shift types. The displacement type, in turn, can be subdivided into whole movement and ① -Pre-O‖ means that the Chinese preposition -bǎ‖ is followed by an object of clause. ② The above sentence is synonymous to the following : Lé idià n yòng zìjǐde jùdà né nglià ng bǎ bǎinián dà shù pǐkāi-le. hunder and lightning with its own huge energy Pre-O hundred-year-old big tree split ( 雷电 用 自 己 的 巨大 能量 把 百 年 大 树 劈 开 -了 ｡ / The thunder and lightning split the hundred-year-old big tree with its own huge energy.) appearance-disappearance. The shift type can be subdivided into partial change, creation & extinction, and gathering & scattering. The non-variation category can be subdivided into the involvement, the stop and the virtualized. The involvement can be subdivided into involving space, involving object and experiencing. The stop can be subdivided into the control and the stillness. The virtualized ③ can be subdivided into the division, the possession, the explication and the existence.
The classification is shown in the follows diagram (Huang , 1996): whole movement replacement appearance-disappearance variation partial change shift creation-extinction gathering-scrattering theme roles involving space involvement involving object experiencing control non-variation stop stillness division virtualized possession explication existance According to the above 14 classes, the Theme Role can be subdivided into 36 roles.
The Whole Movement ④ contains 4 roles: the Displacement Role, the Transmission Role, the Exchange Role and the Interaction Role. The Displacement Role is the simplest role of the Whole Movement. It often needs Intermediary Role. Taking Ex 8 for instance, the sentence contains the meaning of -coming on foot‖, and the -foot‖ takes the Instrumental Role. The important feature of the Transmission Role is that its dynamic always appears in pairs, like -giving‖ and -receiving‖. The -book‖ in Ex 9 is Transmission Role. The Exchange Role involves two-way transmission. The two parties can be both realized, as in Ex 10, or either party is realized. The sentence -He teaches me English‖, for instance, implies -I learn English from him‖, the former is realized and the latter not. The Intermediary Role in the Interaction is -pronunciation organ‖, as it is in Ex 11. When you -talk‖, you would use your mouth, so -mouth‖ is the Interaction Role, and what you said is the Mover Role, which is the not realized Interaction Role. The Appearance-Disappearance contains 2 roles, the Appearance Role and the Disappearance Role. The Appearance Role (like the -blood‖ in Ex 12) and the Disappearance Role (like the -ship‖ in Ex 13) are a pair. They are the opposite conversion of presence and absence. Appearance Role is absence converted to presence and Disappearance Role presence to absence. Appearance Role and Disappearance Role are in turn opposite to the four roles mentioned above, which are perceived by the senses. The Partial Change contains 4 roles: the Transfiguration Role, the Metamorphosis Role, the Ingestion Role and the Detachment Role. The Transfiguration Role is a Mover Role that has changed its own shape, sometimes changing beforehand, sometimes afterwards. In Ex 14, the Mover Role -map‖ is -spread‖ before its change and -folded‖ afterwards. The Metamorphosis Role is a Mover Role that has changed its state, but has not become something else, sometimes changing beforehand, sometimes afterwards. In Ex 15, the window frame is rotten, but it is still a window frame. The Ingestion Role and the Detachment Role are a pair of Mover Roles. Ingestion Role is a role with a little of attached or absorbed matter. In Ex 16 -cream' is the absorbed matter. Detachment Role denotes what is attached to or absorbed in by the Mover Role is removed, like the -blood‖ in Ex 17.  The Gathering-Scattering contains the Gathering Role and the Scattering Role. The Gathering Role refers to something new after its gathering a few things together. For instance, in Ex 20 -dispatching note‖ and -invoice‖ are pinned together and become a combination, but there is no new name for it. In contrast, -to build a house‖, the house is a new thing with a new name. Scattering Role is a role to turn something into several things after the change. For instance, in Ex 21 the loaf is divided into -four thick pieces‖, and there is no new name for it. The Involving Space contains 4 roles: the Containing Role, the Attaching Role, the Enclosing Role and the Mantling Role. The Containing Role is a role with a space or a container. The space or the container is not changeable. For instance, the Containing Role -tank‖ in Ex 22 is not changeable and the Displacement Role -gasoline‖ is changeable. The Attaching Role is a role with a much bigger space, to which something else is attached, like the -hook' in Ex 23. The -coat‖ is changeable as the Displacement Role. Enclosing Role is a role with a space surrounded by something. The -hedge‖ in Ex 24 is in the Enclosing Role while the -parterre‖ is in the Aim Role. There is a space between the parterre and the hedge. The dynamic -enclose‖ contains two stages, the -process‖ and the -result‖. The process stage is Variation Role which we name -enclosing-course‖ and the result stage is Non-Variation Role which we name -enclosing-result‖, as in this example. The Mantling Role is a role with something covered by something else. Usually there is no space between them and they touch each other directly. The -newspaper‖ in Ex 25, for instance, is the Mantling Role, and the -floor‖ a Touch Role. Involving object contains 2 roles; the Aim Role and the Touch Role. The Aim Role is the object at which the dynamic is aiming. It is not changeable, but something behind it is, like a person's body or a part of the body, or something else. In Ex 24, the -parterre' is the Aim Role and the -hedge‖ is the Enclosing Role. The course of the enclosing is changeable (compound role). The Touch Role is the object which is touched by a dynamic action. It is not changeable itself, but the result of the touching maybe changeable. For instance, in Ex 25 the -floor‖ is Touch Role. In the expression -beat him‖, -him‖ is Touch Role and there is no mention of the result. If you want to express the result, another dynamic verb is needed. For instance, in the expression -dǎ shāng tā (打伤他, contused him)‖, the object of the compound dynamic action -him‖ is both Touch Role and Metamorphosis Role. Roles change and it is also the Multiple Role mentioned in the title of this paper. (Huang, 1985(Huang, , 1994 The Experiencing consists of 5 roles: the Feel Role, the Perception Role, the Sensibility Role, the Obtainment Role and the Loss Role. They are all the objects of the action -experience‖, and their subjects are not Ergative Roles, but Metamorphosis Role, Extinction Role and so on, like the Feel Role -Xiao Han' in Ex 26. The dynamic verb -kà n (look)‖ is -looking-course‖ of an action and the verb -kànjiàn(see)‖ is the result of the action. It belongs to non-variation. Ex 26 is an instance of one sentence with two verbs to express the two action-stages. The experiencing -she‖ gets the visual information and is Metamorphosis Role. The -wèntí(problem)‖ in Ex 27 is Perception Role and the subject -she‖ is a Metamorphosis Role getting information upon her pondering. The -nǐ (you)‖ in Ex 28 is a Sensibility Role and the subject -wǒ (I)‖ is a Metamorphosis Role since I have increased my emotions in the experience. The -wàitào(coat)‖ in Ex 29 is an Obtainment Role. The subject -tā (he)‖ is a Metamorphosis Role because he has got the right of thing from the action of buying and also an Ergative Role because -he‖ is the agent of the action of buying. -He‖ here plays the multiple roles-both Metamorphosis Role and Ergative Role. The -wàitào(coat)‖ in Ex 30 is a Loss Role. The subject -tā (he)‖ is a Metamorphosis Role since he has lost the right of thing through the action of selling and he is also an Ergative Role for he is the agent of the action of selling. -He‖ here is another example of multiple role (Huang, 1985(Huang, , 1994. The Control contains two roles: the Keep Role and the Deterred Role. Keep Role keeps the characteristics of a Mover Role. The -mùcái(wood)‖ and -pígé(leather) ‖ in Ex 31 are Keep Roles. The -shàngguānglà (polishing wax)‖ is a Create-Matter Role and the protecting elements are its covert Origin Role. Deterred Role denotes that the characteristics of a Mover Role are unable to be changed though they want to or are to be deterred when they were changing. Taking Ex 32 for instance, the action of the -qīnluèjūn (invaders)‖ was deterred owing to the -dǐkàng (resistance)‖. The -qīnluèjūn (invaders)‖ is a Deterred Role. The Stillness contains 2 roles: the Termination Role and the Nature-Manner Role. The Termination Role refers to the Theme Role involved in the result stage after the dynamic course. The -qìchē(car) ‖ in Ex 33 is a Termination Role. The action -tíng (stop)‖ is -stop-result‖ in the sentence. The word -ting‖ is polysemic, we write -tíng-result‖ as -tíng1‖ and the action to stop something as -tíng2‖. The -tíng1‖ implies the result stage of an action and the -tíng2‖ the process stage of an action. The Nature-Manner Role is the Theme Role to which a static adjective is attributed. The static state is a special dynamic state. The word -ěr(ear) ‖in Ex 34, for instance, is a Nature-Manner Role, the -yīnyuè(music) ‖ is the Create-Matter Role and its recessive Origin Role is something pleasing to the ear. The division contains 2 roles -the entirety role and the part role. The entirety role means the explanatory whole, and in Ex 35 -dǎng‖(Party) is the entirety role. The part role means each part of the explanatory whole, and in Ex 35 -dǎngyuán‖(Party members) is the part role . The possession contains 2 roles-the owner role and the owned role. The owner means the possessor. We use the virtualized dynamic verb which is different from the obtainment role with the general dynamic verb, and in Ex 36 -tā‖(he) is the owner role. The owned role means the possessed thing of the possessor, and in Ex 36-chē ‖is the owned role . The explication role contains 2 roles-the explicandum role, and the explicans role. The explicandum role means the explained thing or person, as in Ex 37 -Zhāng Huá ‖ is the explicandum role, which is the explained person. The explicans role means explanatory contents, as in Ex 37 -yīshēng‖ is the explicans role . The existence contains 2 roles-the existent role and the location role. The existent role means the person or thing which exists, as in Ex 38 -yóuyǒngchí‖ (swimming pool) is the existent role (entity). The location role means the place in which the person or thing exists, as in Ex 38 -fàndiàn‖ (hotel) is the location role (space) . Actually, the entity and the space can be converted into each other (Huang, 1985). -fàndiàn ‖(hotel) will become an entity in a larger space, such as -这条街上有饭店吗?‖(-Is there a hotel in the street?‖).
-yóuyǒngchí‖ (swimming pool) can also change into a space in a smaller entity, such as -游泳池里有游泳者吗? ‖(-Is there a swimmer in the swimming pool?‖) ( In Ex 39, the dynamic -Tiào‖ implies that firstly -Lǎo Wáng‖ is an ERGATIVE, and the act of -tiào‖ is an action which -Lǎo Wáng‖ deliberately takes and -Lǎo Wáng‖ is also a Mover who himself is regarded as a mere moving Entity fallen into the lake. So in the sentence, -tiào ‖ implies -cause…fall'‖ and the whole sentence means -The ERGATIVE Lǎo Wáng causes mover (=the ERGATIVE-self as a pure body) Lǎo Wáng to ‗fall' into the lake‖. The dynamic -tiào‖ can be written as -tià o-ERGATIVE-MOVER (tià o-ERGATIVE-MOVER)‖, ⑥ -Pcl‖ means the Chinese particle. and the dynamic -dià o ‖can be written as -dià o-MOVER (dià o-MOVER )‖.
The person or animal can have two kinds of meaning in a certain motion -⑴ just a MOVER, such as the Ex 1 -dià o-MOVER‖, and ⑵ an ERGATIVE and a MOVER concurrently, such as the Ex 39 -tià o-ERGATIVE-MOVER‖. TWO kinds of meaning involve TWO different dynamics. But there is ONE dynamic for TWO kinds of meaning, and it depends on the context, without which there will be ambiguity. In Ex 40 -dǒu‖ is a dynamic which is ambiguous. The first meaning is -dǒu -MOVER‖, and -Lǎo Wáng‖ is the MOVER; his body cannot help but -tremble‖, the reason being that -Lǎo Wáng‖ fears, or gets sick, etc. The second meaning is -dǒu -RERGATIVE-MOVER‖, and -Lǎo Wáng ‖ is the ERGATIVE, who deliberately does an act of -dǒu‖, such as -Lǎo Wáng‖ puts on a show, but his body trembles, as a result -Lǎo Wáng‖ is a MOVER too.
The ERGATIVE role can be divided into 2 types-the agent role and the create-matter role (Huang, 1996).
The agent role means the persons and things who deliberately cause Movers to move or change.
The agent role can be subdivided into 2 types-the single agent role and the co-operating agent role. The single agent role means a single agent unit (an individual person, a group, etc) can complete a particular dynamic action, as in Ex 41 -tā ‖(she).-Certainly, the completion of the behavior -chī ‖can also involve many people, but it essentially only involves a person. The co-operating agent role is the agent role that several single agent units (persons, groups, etc) must be engaged in the common activity and must co-operate to complete a particular dynamic action. Every member of them is called the branch agent role-N (N≥2) , e.g. in Ex 42 -tā ‖ (she) is just the bride , namely , -qīzi ‖(wife) who gets -jiéhūn‖(married), and -tā‖ (she) is the branch agent-1. So she has a groom, namely, -zhàngfu ‖(recessive husband) who is the branch agent-2. Both have to exist. The co-operating agent roles can also appear together, such as Ex 43 and Ex 44.
The create-matter role means the natural things which cause Movers to move or change, such as -gēshēng‖(songs) in Ex 45 . The agent role can also be subdivided from the other perspectives, such as ⑴ the independent agent role and ⑵ the control agent role. The latter includes the controlling agent role and the controlled agent role . Because in Ex 46 there are the different roles which -tā ‖ (He) plays, as a result there is ambiguity. The sentence may mean that -tā ‖himself has finished to build a house, so -tā ‖ (He) is the independent agent role in meaning (a). It also means that there can be a -Lao Wang‖ who hired -tā ‖(him) to build a house, so -tā ‖ (him) is the controlled agent role in meaning (b), and covert -Lao Wang ‖ is the controlling agent role here. People will say, -Lao Wang has built a house.‖ The third possibility is that -tā ‖(he) has hired some persons to build a house, so -tā ‖(he) is the controlling agent role in meaning (c). In Ex 47 -Nanjing‖ is a personified thing which means Nanjing government and people (the controlling agent role) who hired a large group of builders (the controlled agent role) to construct the Yangtze River Bridge. We may say: -In Nanjing a Yangtze River Bridge has been constructed.‖ to mean -Nanjing ‖ only as the Space role, or the controlled agent role and the branch agent role , because the Bridge was constructed by China, which is the controlling agent role. In Ex 48, the overwhelming possibility is that -tā ‖(he) is only the independent agent role .

The correlation between the ERGATIVE and the MOVER
The motion of the ERGATIVE and the MOVER must have a particular verb in the surface structure, such as the MOVER verb -dià o‖(fall) in Ex 1 and concurrent ERGATIVE and MOVER verb -tià o‖(jump) in Ex 39. In the surface structure, the MOVER is an obligatory role, and the ERGATIVE is an optional role, but in the underlying structure, both are obligatory. In Ex 1, -dià o ‖ takes -Lǎo Wáng‖ as the MOVER , not the ERGATIVE, but there must be some ERGATIVE. Then what is the obligatory ERGATIVE? It is the personified natural force (Lao Wang may have carelessly slipped down). Or it is the -ghost‖ as the folkways have it. Then the whole sentence means: -The ERGATIVE natural force (or ghost) causes the MOVER -Lao Wang‖ who is purely a body to -dià o‖(fall) into the lake. Or it is some ergative(suspected murderers). Then the whole sentence means: -The ERGATIVE some person causes the MOVER -Lao Wang‖ who is purely a body to -dià o‖ (fall) into the lake.
When the ERGATIVE (agent role here) causes the MOVER to move or change, the MOVER can be divided into 3 types correspondingly-the full internal MOVER, the partial internal MOVER and the external MOVER. The full internal MOVER means the ERGATIVE and the MOVER as the same person, such as in Ex 50 -rén‖ (person) is the ERGATIVE and the MOVER concurrently, i.e. the person as the ERGATIVE sends out a motive power, and the same person (whole body) can be regarded as the moving or changing MOVER at the same time. The partial internal MOVER means the ERGATIVE is the whole and the MOVER is a part of same person, as in Ex 50; firstly, -rén‖ is the ERGATIVE and the MOVER concurrently, i.e. the person as the ERGATIVE sends out a motive power, and the same person (whole body) can be regarded as the moving or changing MOVER. However, the same person's legs are moving back and forth, so they are the partial internal MOVER here, though it is recessive. The external MOVER means that the ERGATIVE and the MOVER is entirely separable, namely, the MOVER is outside the ERGATIVE's body, as in Ex 49, -yà opià n‖(pills) is an external MOVER . The internal MOVER is either full or partial. A person's action necessarily starts from a part of the person. If one takes a pen, one uses one's hand. If one kicks a ball, the person uses his foot. If one eats, the person uses his hand to send food into his mouth. If he watches television, the person uses his eyes. The above-mentioned verb dynamic means an ERGATIVE must first use the internal MOVER, then the internal MOVER makes the external MOVER move or change. But in the actual discourse, if people do not emphasize, the internal MOVER is usually recessive.

The space roles
The Space Roles means the SPACE in which the MOVER and the ERGATIVE exists or moves in a theoretically simple motion process. The Space Roles are divided into 5 kinds -⑴ the ergative-circumstance role, ⑵ the mover-circumstance role, ⑶ the circumstance role, ⑷ the linear role and ⑸the periphery role. (Huang, 1994) 1.2.1. The ergative-circumstance role The ergative-circumstance role means the SPACE in which the ERGATIVE exists or moves, in Ex 51, -tóngxuémen‖ (students) is the ERGATIVE, -Yīngyǔ‖ which means -the English exam‖ is the metamorphosis role. All the students are in the classroom, which is the ergative-circumstance role and its role marker is -zài…li ‖ (inside).

The mover-circumstance role
The mover-circumstance role means the SPACE in which the MOVER exists or moves; in Ex 52 -zì‖(words) is the MOVER (external MOVER), and -lǎoshī ‖(teacher) is the ERGATIVE. -hēibǎn‖(blackboard) is the space role, because the words which -lǎoshī ‖ writes is all on it, but -lǎoshī ‖is NOT on it, so it is the mover-circumstance role instead of ergative-circumstance role. The role marker is -zài…shàng‖(on). This is an analysis by default. It is possible that -hēibǎn‖ is placed levelly on the ground, -lǎoshī‖ stands on -hēibǎn‖, and -zì‖ are written on this -hēibǎn‖, or written in other places, e.g. written on a notebook held by -lǎoshī‖ or on a wall by the side of -lǎoshī‖. Here in Ex 52 -hēibǎn‖ is the ergative-circumstance role of -lǎoshī‖, and the notebook or wall is just the mover-circumstance roles of the -zì‖.
teacher on blackboard top write words (老师在黑板上写字。/ The teacher writes the words on the blackboard.)

The circumstance role
The circumstance role means the larger space which contains the ergative-circumstance role and the mover-circumstance role. The ergative-circumstance role can be different from the mover-circumstance role, but both usually occupies the same larger space-the circumstance role. In Ex 53 the ergative-circumstance role is -Zhāng Bóshì's‖ chair (he sits in it) and desk (his arm is on it). The mover-circumstance role is the computer screen on which words of -lùnwé n‖ are displayed. So the chair, the desk and the computer screen entirely is in the larger space -shūfáng‖, which is a circumstance role.
Zhang Doctor in den inside write dissertation (张博士在书房里写论文。/ Doctor zhang is writing a dissertation in the den.)

The linear role
The linear role means the linear track in which the MOVER moves or changes. In Ex 54, -Liú Fēi ‖is the ERGATIVE and the full internal MOVER concurrently. One will also say: -Liu Fei ran 5000 meters in Shanghai (or the stadium)‖, here Shanghai (or the stadium) is a mover-circumstance role. But according to the normal sports regulations, -Liú Fēi ‖has to finish on some running track (or some route )-totalling 5000 meters, so this track (or this route) is the accurate part of the mover-circumstance role, i.e. the linear role. In this sentence, the role marker is recessive. Under the other conditions, the role markers can be -沿着(yá nzhe , along)‖, -从(cóng , from )… 到(dào , to)‖etc.
Liu Fei ran finish -ed 5000 meters (刘飞跑完-了5000米｡ / Liu Fei ran 5000 meters.) According to the sequence and characteristics of the motion of the MOVER, the linear roles can be classified into 7 types -the source role, the departure role, the way role, the arrival role, the terminal role, the goal role and the orientation role. The location of the MOVER before it sets out is called the source role. It is possible that the source role is the terminal role of the last Ring-Chain, such as in Ex 55 -ménkǒu‖ is the source role, its role marker is -zài‖. The departing place and the starting place are called the departure role. The source role and the departure role are the same place, such as in Ex 56 -ménkǒu‖ is the departure role, and its role marker is -cóng‖. The way between the source role and the terminal role is called the way role. Sometimes the whole course of the way role is mostly recessive and the speaker emphasizes some representative spatial points -the representative way role , e.g. in Ex 61-xīliú‖is the way role, only the representative way role, with the way role before and after the -xīliú‖ recessive. Its role marker is -沿着 (yánzhe, along)‖､-通过(tōngguò, via)‖､-经过(jīngguò, through)‖, etc. The place to which the MOVER moves or changes is called the arrival role, as in Ex 57 -miànqián‖ (front) is the arrival role, often the same thing as terminal role. The static stopping place of the MOVER is called the terminal role, as in Ex 58, -miànqián‖ is the terminal role, and its role marker is -zài‖. The expected aim of the motion of the MOVER is called the goal role, as in Ex 59 -wǒ‖ is the goal role, and its role marker is -xiàng‖, -cháo‖, -lái‖, -qù‖, etc. The motion direction is the orientation role. It is NOT an exact goal or terminal place, as in Ex 60 -yuǎnfāng‖ is the orientation role, and its role marker is -xiàng‖, -cháo‖, -lái‖, -qù‖, etc.

The periphery role
The mover-circumstance role minus the linear role is the periphery role, which is very important too, because many concurrent rings are situated in this space. In Ex 62 -Lǐ Yīng‖ is the ERGATIVE, and -yòu shǒu‖(right hand) is the partial internal MOVER, -hòupái‖(rear row) is the mover-circumstance role. The linear track of the motion of -yòu shǒu ‖-the linear role is Li Ying's right hand-started from the original place, the right side of the right thigh, past the right side of her body, the right side of her neck and the right side of her head, and arrived at the upper right place over the head after she stretched her right arm. Note: -yòu shǒu‖ is a focus in the communication, and it belongs to the main ring. The -right arm‖ is outside the focus, and belongs to the concurrent ring. But along with the movement of -right hand‖, the -right arm‖ moved together. The linear role -right arm‖ cannot be similar to the linear role -yòu shǒu‖, but it is still inside the mover-circumstance role of -hòupái‖, i.e. the periphery role or part of the periphery role . The periphery role is often recessive.
Li Ying in rear row raise -ed right hand (李英在后排举起右手｡ / Li Ying raised her right hand in the rear row.) 1.3. The entity role and the space role mutually transferable In fact, the ENTITY roles are necessarily transferable into the SPACE roles or vice versa(cf. 3.6 the transformed rings: -the same-role transformed ring‖). Please take a look at a Chinese libretto shown in Ex 63a. From the Entity role angle, the ERGATIVE of -ná‖(hold) is this young girl and she causes a part of her body the MOVER -shǒu‖(hands) to -ná‖ the dish and the small stick. From the space angle, the dish and the small stick are all in -shǒu li ‖ of the young girl at this time, so we can say the sentences in Ex 63b and Ex 63c. A person uses -shǒu‖ to -ná‖, but -shǒu‖ is the default characteristic, which may be omitted, so we can also say the sentence in Ex 63d . In the sentence, the entity of the concrete noun or noun phrase can play different Entity roles concurrently (see -1.1.1. The Involving object‖ and -1.1.3.‖ etc.)，and the Entity roles are transferable into the Space roles and vice versa. Hence -multiple‖ and -space‖ in the title of this paper.

2.The state
The particular phase or situation that the ENTITY roles move in the SPACE roles is called the state. (Huang, 1985(Huang, , 1994 Consequently, a state is a space role with a ERGATIVE or MOVER role plus a role marker which is often represented as an adposition phrase-including a preposition phrase in English and Chinese, as in Ex 64 -zài ‖(in) and Ex 65 -cóng‖(from), and a postpositon phrase, such as a location noun(i.e. postpositon)， such as in Ex 66 the locality noun -lǐ‖, and in Ex 67 the towards verb -jìn‖ etc.. The state that the ERGATIVE is in the circumstance role is called the ERGATIVE circumstance state, as in Ex 68 -zài bàngōngshì li‖ (in the office) is the ERGATIVE circumstance state of -bùzhǎng‖(minister). The state that the ERGATIVE is in the ergative-circumstance role is called the ERGATIVE ergative-circumstance state, as in Ex 69 -zài yǐzi shang‖(on the chair) is the ERGATIVE ergative-circumstance state of -bùzhǎng‖. The state that the MOVER is in the circumstance role is called the MOVER circumstance state, as in Ex 70 -zài bàngōngshì li‖ (in the office) is the MOVER circumstance state of -wénjiàn‖ (document). The state that the MOVER is in the mover-circumstance role is called the MOVER mover-circumstance state, as in Ex 71 -zài zhuōzi shang‖ (on the table) is the MOVER mover-circumstance state of -wénjiàn‖. The state that the ERGATIVE and the MOVER are all in the circumstance role is called the ERGATIVE-MOVER co-circumstance state, as in Ex 72 -zài bàngōngshì li‖ (in the office) is the ERGATIVE-MOVER co-circumstance state of -bùzhǎng‖ and -zì‖ (name). The state that the MOVER is in the linear role is called the MOVER linear state, as in Ex 73 -cóng tóu dào jiǎo‖ (from top to toe) is the MOVER linear state of the recessive -the teacher's lines of sight‖;-Xiǎo Máo‖ is its MOVER circumstance role. The state that the MOVER is in the periphery role is called the MOVER periphery state, and generally it is regarded as the concurrent ring (see -4. the Ring‖), such as in Ex 74-gēbo‖ (arm) is the MOVER in -tái qi gēbo‖ (raise his arm), which is only the MOVER periphery state in the concurrent ring. The MOVER linear state can be subdivided into 7 ordered States-the MOVER source state, the MOVER departure state, the MOVER way state, the MOVER arrival state, the MOVER goal state, the MOVER terminal state, the MOVER goal state and the MOVER orientation state. The first 5 ordered states form the closed ordered states from beginning to end, and the last 2 ordered states form the open ordered states because they cannot go through to the end.

Closed ordered states
The state that the MOVER is in the source role is called the MOVER source state, as in Ex 75 -zài qípán shang‖(on the chessboard) is the MOVER source state of -mǎ(the knight)‖. The state that the MOVER is in the departure role is called the MOVER departure state, as in Ex 76 -cóng Shànghǎi‖ (from Shanghai) is the MOVER departure state of -huǒchē‖ (the train). The state that the MOVER is in the way role is called the MOVER way state, as in Ex 77 -guò tā shēntǐ‖ (through his body) is the representative MOVER way state of -zǐdàn‖ (the bullet). The state that the MOVER is in the arrival role is called the MOVER arrival state, as in Ex 78 -dào chēzhàn‖ (at the station) is the MOVER arrival state of -huǒchē‖ (the train). The state that the MOVER is in the terminal role is called the MOVER terminal state, as in Ex 79 -zài Xiǎo Lí n jiā‖(at Xiao Lin's house) is the MOVER terminal state of -tā‖ (his body). name is on the document) is the projection of the MOVER terminal state. The minister sits -zài bàngōngshì yǐzi shang‖ (in the chair of the office) is the projection of the MOVER mover-circumstance state. The document is put -dào bàngōngshì zhuōzi shang‖(to the desk of the office), then -wénjiàn zài bàngōngshì zhuōzi shang‖ (the document is on the desk of the office) is the projection of the MOVER source state. Actually, the language information is abundant in Ex 82. -bùzhǎng zài bàngōngshì li‖ (the minister is in the office) means that -bùzhǎng‖sits -zài bàngōngshì li‖ (the minister sits in the office). -wénjiàn zài bàngōngshì li‖ (the document is in the office) means that the secretary brought the document into the office. -zì zài wénjiàn shang‖ (the name is on the document) means that the Minister has signed his name on the document, then the name appeared on the document. -bùzhǎng zài bàngōngshì yǐzi shang‖ (the minister is in the chair of the office) means that he sits on the chair of the office.-wénjiàn zài bàngōngshì zhuōzi shang‖ (the document is on the desk in the office) means that the secretary has put a document on the desk of the office, etc. Among them, we use the dynamic verbs -sit, bring, put, sign‖ which contains the complex processes of -Role-State-Ring-Chain‖. E.g. the dynamic -put (放, fàng)‖ can consist of a list of single dynamics--Rings‖: -move→scatter→furl→fix→move→scatter→move→move‖. Every single dynamic--Ring‖ has a simple process of the motion. Therefore, the sentence shown in Ex 82 is a very complex sentence with abundant language information.
(To be continued)